The State of the Nation\u2019s Ecosystems 2008 report, released by the Heinz Center, provides authoritative documentation of key environmental trends. A companion report calls for bold federal and state action to strengthen and integrate the nation\u2019s environmental monitoring. The State of the Nation\u2019s Ecosystems 2008 shows that the acreage burned every year by wildfires is increasing, non-native fish have invaded nearly every watershed in the lower 48 states, and chemical contaminants are found in virtually all streams and most groundwater wells, often at levels above those set to protect human health or wildlife. In contrast, ecosystems are increasing their storage of carbon, there are improvements in soil quality and crop yields have grown significantly, according to Robin O\u2019Malley, Director of the Heinz Center\u2019s Environmental Reporting program.<\/p>\n
These and other trends are highlighted in this second edition of the report, first released in 2002. The 2008 report presents 108 indicators that describe the condition and use of U.S. ecosystems. More than half of the indicators have been refined or redesigned since 2002 to better track trends in ecosystem condition. Data availability has also improved, with the number of indicators with all or partial data increasing by 12%. The report focuses on key characteristics such as ecosystem area and composition, chemical and physical properties, condition of biological resources, and the goods and services that people derive from ecosystems.<\/p>\n
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With more data and improved indicators for tracking key characteristics of the nation\u2019s lands, waters, and living resources, \u201cWe get the \u2018pulse\u2019 of our nation\u2019s ecosystems through this report. These indicators for our nation\u2019s ecosystems are comparable to the vital signs doctors\u2019 check in an annual physical. The trends described in this report have the potential to affect agriculture, forestry, recreation, and everyday life for millions of Americans,\u201d said Thomas E. Lovejoy, President of the Heinz Center.<\/p>\n
Produced with input from hundreds of experts from business, government, academia, and environmental organizations, and funding from government, foundations and the private sector, the report is scientifically grounded, unbiased, and drawn largely from federal agency data programs.<\/p>\n
William Clark, Professor at Harvard University\u2019s Kennedy School of Government and chair of the project said, \u201cThe report is quite simply the most comprehensive assessment of the state of the nation\u2019s ecosystems ever produced. Its premise is simple: decision makers deserve relevant, scientifically credible, and unbiased information on how the environment is changing to help shape responses and to evaluate whether those responses are making a difference.\u201d<\/p>\n
A companion policy report, Environmental Information: A Road Map to the Future, notes critical gaps in environmental information and highlights the management challenges. \u201cNot having all the information we need is like going in for your annual check up and not having all the usual tests conducted \u2014 the gaps in information might put your health at risk,\u201d Lovejoy said. \u201cLikewise environmental data gaps mean we don\u2019t have the entire environmental picture. For example, we don\u2019t track the area of sea grasses \u2013 important for every estuary; we don\u2019t adequately measure the storage of carbon in ecosystems \u2013 important for climate change, and we don\u2019t track ground water levels \u2013 important for people and ecosystems,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe are an information society, but the United States lacks the capacity to meet the current information needs of decision makers for whom the environment matters. Climate change will create rapid and unpredictable transformation of our nation\u2019s ecosystems, and coping with these changes will demand sound and timely information,\u201d said O\u2019Malley.<\/p>\n
The Road Map report provides comprehensive recommendations to Congress, the executive branch, and states on how to improve the current environmental reporting system. The report suggests more effective ways to link national and local information to support national and local decision making.<\/p>\n
Key recommendations in the Road Map report urge Congress to establish a national environmental indicator initiative, guided by the federal government, states, the private sector, environmental organizations, universities, and others. This effort would link national indicators with information used by local, state, corporate, and other decision makers, and drive an agenda for improving data collection and reporting.<\/p>\n
The Road Map suggests that the executive branch build on the work of the Heinz Center and others to maintain momentum while Congress moves forward, establish internal processes to improve federal data coordination, and expand dialogue among the many users and providers of needed environmental information. The companion report also suggests that Congress and the executive branch provide additional support for monitoring and related activities and that states demonstrate a heightened commitment to providing the information needed by state, local, and other decision makers to improve the state of the nation\u2019s ecosystems.<\/p>\n
Key findings in the 2008 report:<\/p>\n
Water Quality: Contaminants
\n\u2022 One or more contaminants were detected in virtually all streams and about three-quarters of groundwater wells.
\n\u2022 Contaminant levels exceeded benchmarks set to protect aquatic life in half of all streams tested and exceeded benchmarks for human health in one-third of groundwater wells tested.
\n\u2022 Four out of five freshwater fish tested had at least one contaminant\u2014most commonly PCBs and DDT\u2014at levels above wildlife benchmarks (mercury was not tested for). One out of three saltwater fish had at least one contaminant\u2014most commonly PCBs, PAHs, DDT and mercury\u2014at levels above human health benchmarks.<\/p>\n
Nitrogen and Agriculture
\n\u2022 Twenty-one percent of groundwater wells and 13% of stream sites in the farmland landscape have concentrations of nitrate that exceed federal drinking water standards (USGS).
\n\u2022 Three rivers (Mississippi, Columbia, and Susquehanna) together deliver about one million tons of nitrogen per year to coastal waters (USGS).<\/p>\n
Species at Risk
\n\u2022 Approximately one-third of U.S. native plant and animal species are at risk of extinction.
\n\u2022 Examples of at-risk wildlife species include Whooping Crane, California Condor, North Atlantic Right Whale, Bog Turtle, and the Florida Manatee. Many native plant species are also at risk.
\n\u2022 Among native vertebrate animals at risk, 28% have declining populations, 23% have stable populations, and 1% have increasing populations. Population trends among the remaining at-risk native vertebrate species (48%) are unknown (NatureServe).<\/p>\n
Non-native Species
\n\u2022 In 2007 there were only two watersheds in the lower 48 states without established non-native fish; most (58%) have more than 10 such species.
\n\u2022 Information about most other non-native species is not adequate for reporting at a national level.<\/p>\n
TO LEARN MORE about the State of the Nation\u2019s Ecosystems or to download a copy of the Road Map report please visit: www.heinzcenter.org\/ecosystems<\/a><\/p>\n