Publications about 4DEE – Four-Dimensional Ecological Education

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Prevost, Luanna B., and Jennifer H. Doherty. 2026. “ Faculty Perspectives on Integration in the Context of the Four-Dimensional Ecology Education Framework.” Ecosphere 17(10): e70792. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70792

Beck, C. W., L. B. Byrne, J. Doherty, A. E. Sorensen, E. Holt, L. B. Prevost, J. R. St. Juliana, N. N. Woods, A. R. Berkowitz and V. Rogers 2025. Updates to Version 1.0 of the Four-Dimensional Ecology Education Framework Create Version 1.1. Bull Ecol Soc Am 0(0):e70052. https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.70052
Rodgers, VL, S Scanga, L Byrne, J St. Juliana, J. Honea, E Tietjen, Z Leggett, and G Middendorf. 2024. Four dimensional ecology education for everyone. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment e2749 http://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2749
Klemow, K.M., Cid, C.R., Jablonski, L.M. et al. (2024). How a multidimensional ecology education approach can enhance college curricula to implement the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Sustain Earth Reviews 7, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-024-00082-x
Klemow, K. (2019). 4DEE Resource ‐ Annotated Syllabus for Field Botany at Wilkes University. EcoEd Digital Library.
Klemow, K., Berkowitz, A., Cid, C., & Middendorf, G. (2019). Improving ecological education through a four-dimensional framework. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 17(2), 71-71.
Merritt, E., & Bowers, N. (2020). Missed opportunities for observation-based ecology in the Next Generation Science Standards. Science Education. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21572
Middendorf, G., Mourad, T., Johnston, J. (2020). Ecology education goes four-dimensional. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.1740
Prevost, L., Sorensen, A., Doherty, J., Ebert-May, D., & Pohlad, B. (2019). 4DEE—What’s next? Designing instruction and assessing student learning. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 100(3), 1-6.
Ruhl, N., Crumrine, P., Oberle, J., Richmond, C., Thomas, S., & Wright, S. (2022). Harnessing the Four‐Dimensional Ecology Education Framework to redesign an introductory ecology course in a changing higher education landscape.Ecosphere, 13(2), e03857.
Scanga, Sara E., Vikki L. Rodgers, Loren B. Byrne, Justin R. St. Juliana, Jon M. Honea, Erica S. Tietjen, and George Middendorf. 2025. “ Hooks for Four-Dimensional Ecology Education (4DEE) Teaching with Differing Audiences of Nonmajors.” Ecosphere 16(10): e70395. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70395
Smith, M., Walsh, C., Holmes, N., & Summers, M. (2019). Using the Ecology and Evolution‐Measuring Achievement and Progression in Science assessment to measure student thinking across the Four‐Dimensional Ecology Education framework. Ecosphere, 10(9), e02873.
Sorensen, A., Brown, J., Alred, A, Fontaine, J., & Dauer, J. (2020). Student representations and conceptions of ecological versus social sciences in a conservation course. J Environmental Studies and Sciences, 1-11.